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Im GRADE-Ansatz spiegelt die Stärke einer Empfehlung das Ausmaß des Vertrauens wider, dass die erwünschten Effekte einer Behandlungsstrategie die unerwünschten Effekte insgesamt überwiegen. Dieser Artikel befasst sich damit, wie mit Hilfe des GRADE-Ansatzes die Richtung und Stärke einer Empfehlung bestimmt werden können. GRADE beschreibt dabei die Nutzen-Schaden-Abwägung erwünschter und unerwünschter...
Der Artikel beschreibt den Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)-Ansatz zur Klassifizierung der Richtung und Stärke von Empfehlungen. Die Stärke der Empfehlung, die in stark und schwach eingeteilt werden kann, wird definiert als das Ausmaß des Vertrauens, dass eine Intervention mehr wünschenswerte als unerwünschte Folgen hat.Alternative Bezeichnungen für eine schwache...
The responsibility for healthcare in Sweden is shared by the central government, county councils and municipalities. The counties and municipalities are free to make their own prioritizations within the framework of the state healthcare laws. To guide prioritization of healthcare resources in Sweden, there is consensus that cost-effectiveness constitutes one of the three principles. The objective...
All governments face immense challenges in providing affordable healthcare for their citizens, and the diffusion of novel health technologies is a key driver of growth in expenditure for many. Although important methodological and process variations exist around the world, health economic evaluation is increasingly seen as an important tool to support decision-making around the introduction of new...
Health technology assessment already informed Dutch policymaking in the early 1980s. Evidence of health economic evaluations is, however, only systematically used in drug reimbursement decision making. Outpatient drugs with an added therapeutic value and expensive specialist drugs require evidence from an economic evaluation. Due to many exemptions, however, the availability of evidence of health...
The 2010 National Health Service Constitution for England specified rights and responsibilities, including health economic evaluation for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the Joint Committee on Vaccinations and Immunisations. The National Screening Committee and the Health Protection Agency also provide advice to the Government based on health economic evaluation. Each...
The universal access to a health care system for the Brazilian population was established in 1990. Brazil is a country with no tradition in the production and use of health economic evaluation (HEE) to guide decision making in the public health system. It is only within the last two decades that HEEs using a microeconomic approach have appeared in the academic field. On a national level, HEE and Health...
For many years, the legal situation within the statutory health insurance (SHI) system in Germany has allowed for health economic evaluations. There are various reasons why health economic evaluations have played virtually no role in decision making until now: to begin with, a method for the evaluation of the relation between benefits and costs which needed to be in accordance with the legal requirements...
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